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How Close Can You Marry in Your Family

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Wikipedia list article

Laws regarding first-cousin marriage in the States

 Start-cousin marriage is legal

 Allowed with requirements

 Banned with exceptions1

 Statute bans marriage1

 Criminal offensei

1 Some states recognize marriages performed elsewhere, while other states practice not.

Cousin matrimony laws in the U.s.a. vary considerably from ane land to some other, ranging from cousin marriages being legal in some to being a criminal offence in others. Yet, even in the states where it is legal, the exercise is not widespread. (See §Incidence.)

Current position [edit]

Several states of the United states prohibit cousin marriage.[i] [two] As of Feb 2014[update], 24 U.South. states prohibit marriages betwixt first cousins, nineteen U.S. states allow marriages between showtime cousins, and vii U.South. states let only some marriages between showtime cousins.[3] Seven states prohibit first-cousin-in one case-removed marriages.[4] Some states prohibiting cousin spousal relationship recognize cousin marriages performed in other states, but despite occasional claims that this holds truthful in general,[v] laws also be that explicitly void all foreign cousin marriages or marriages conducted past country residents out of state.[ commendation needed ]

Summary [edit]

State First cousin matrimony allowed Sexual relations or cohabitation allowed First-cousin marriages void Out-of-state marriages by state's residents void All out-of-state marriages void Sterility requirement to marry cousin First-cousin-once-removed marriage allowed Half-cousin marriage immune Adopted-cousin spousal relationship allowed
Alabama[6] Yes Yes No No No Yes Yep Yes
Alaska[7] [8] No Yeah Yes No No No Aye Yes Yes
Arizona[9] [10] [11] But if both parties are 65 or older, or one is infertile No[12] Yes Aye[13] Aye Aye Yeah Yes[14] Yes
Arkansas[15] [16] [17] No Yes Yes No[eighteen] No No Yep United nations­known Un­known
California[19] [20] [21] Yep Yes No No No No Yeah Yes Yes
Colorado[22] [23] Yes Yes No No No No Yep Yes Yes
Connecticut[24] [25] Yes Yep No No No No Yep Yes Yes
Delaware[26] [27] [28] [29] No Aye Yes Yes Un­known No Yes United nations­known United nations­known
District of Columbia[xxx] Yeah Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Florida[31] [32] Yes Yes No No No No Perhaps Yep Yes
Georgia[33] [34] Yes Yes No No No No Yeah Yep Yes
Hawaii[35] [36] Aye Yes No No No No Yep Yes Yes
Idaho[37] [38] [39] [40] [41] No Yes United nations­known United nations­known Un­known No Yep Un­known Un­known
Illinois[42] [43] [44] [45] [46] [47] Only if both parties are fifty or older, or ane is infertile Aye Yep Yes[48] United nations­known Aye Yeah No[49] Un­known
Indiana[l] [51] [52] [53] Just if both parties are 65 or older Yes Yeah No No[54] No Yes Aye Yep
Iowa[55] No Yes Yes United nations­known No No Yes Un­known Un­known
Kansas[56] [57] [58] No Yes Yes No[59] No[60] No Yes Yep United nations­known
Kentucky[61] [62] [63] [64] No No[65] Yes Yep[66] Un­known No No No Un­known
Louisiana[67] [68] [69] No Yeah Yes Un­known No[70] No Yes No If judicial approving in writing is obtained
Maine[71] [72] Proof of genetic counseling from a genetic counselor Yes No No No No Yes Un­known Yes
Maryland[73] [74] Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Massachusetts[75] [76] [77] Yes Yes No No No No Aye Yep Yeah
Michigan No[78] Yeah Yes No[79] No[fourscore] No Yeah Un­known Un­known
Minnesota[81] [82] [83] But sure types Yes Yes United nations­known Un­known No Yes No Un­known
Mississippi[84] [85] [86] No No Yeah Yes Un­known No Yes Un­known Aye
Missouri[87] [88] No Yep Yes Un­known Un­known No Yeah United nations­known Un­known
Montana[89] [90] [91] No Yep Yes United nations­known Un­known No Yes Aye Un­known
Nebraska[92] [93] [94] [95] No Yes Yes No No No Yep Yep Yes
Nevada[96] [97] No No Yes Un­known Un­known No No Yeah Un­known
New Hampshire[98] [99] [100] No Yes Yes Yeah Yes No Yep Un­known No[101]
New Jersey[102] [103] Yes Yep No No No No Aye Yes Yes
New Mexico[104] [105] Yes Yes No No No No Yes Aye Yes
New York[106] [107] Yes Aye No No No No Yes Yes Yes
North Carolina[108] [109] Yes, except in the rare case of double start cousins Yep Aye, but cannot be declared void after all of cohabitation, birth of result, and death of one of the parties has occurred United nations­known Un­known No Yep United nations­known Un­known
North Dakota[110] [111] [112] No No Yes Aye No No Yes No Un­known
Ohio[113] [114] [115] No Yep No No No No No United nations­known Un­known
Oklahoma[116] [117] No Yes Yes No No No Yeah Yep Un­known
Oregon[118] [119] [120] No Yep Aye No[121] No No Yeah Yes Yes
Pennsylvania[122] [123] [124] Yes Yes Yeah Un­known Un­known No Yeah Un­known Un­known
Rhode Isle[125] [126] Yes Yeah No No No No No Yes Yes
South Carolina[127] [128] Yes Yes No No No No Yep Yeah Yes
South Dakota[129] [130] [131] No No Yes No[132] No No Yes Yes Un­known
Tennessee[133] [134] Yes Yes No No No No Yeah Aye Yes
Texas[135] [136] [137] [138] No No No No No No Yes No No
Utah[139] [140] [141] Only if both parties are 65 or older, or both are 55 or older with a district court finding of infertility of either party No Yep Yes Yes Yes No Un­known Un­known
Vermont[142] [143] Aye Yes No No No No Aye Yes Yeah
Virginia[144] [145] Yep Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes
Washington[146] [147] [148] No Yes[149] Aye No[150] No No No No United nations­known
West Virginia[151] [152] [153] [154] [155] [156] No Yep United nations­known Un­known United nations­known No Yes No Yeah
Wisconsin[157] [158] [159] [160] [161] Only if the adult female is at least 55, or either is permanently sterile No No No Un­known Yes Merely if the adult female is at to the lowest degree 55, or either is permanently sterile Yep Yep
Wyoming[162] [163] [164] No Yeah Yes No No No Yes Un­known Aye
Country First cousin marriage allowed Sexual relations or cohabitation immune Starting time-cousin marriages void Out-of-state marriages by state'south residents void All out-of-country marriages void Sterility requirement to marry cousin Start-cousin-in one case-removed marriage allowed Half-cousin marriage allowed Adopted-cousin marriage allowed

Incidence [edit]

Information on cousin marriage in the United States is thin. It was estimated in 1960 that 0.2% of all marriages between Roman Catholics were between first or second cousins, but no more recent nationwide studies have been performed.[165] It is unknown what proportion of that number were kickoff cousins, which is the group facing marriage bans.

While recent studies accept cast serious doubt on whether cousin marriage is as dangerous as is popularly causeless, professors Diane B. Paul and Hamish 1000. Spencer speculate that legal bans persist in part due to "the ease with which a handful of highly motivated activists—or even one individual—can be effective in the decentralized American organisation, especially when feelings do not run high on the other side of an result."[166]

History [edit]

Cousin union was legal in all states before the Civil War.[167] Anthropologist Martin Ottenheimer argues that wedlock prohibitions were introduced to maintain the social order, uphold religious morality, and safeguard the creation of fit offspring.[168] Writers such as Noah Webster (1758–1843) and ministers like Philip Milledoler (1775–1852) and Joshua McIlvaine helped lay the background for such viewpoints well earlier 1860. This led to a gradual shift in business organisation from affinal unions, similar those betwixt a homo and his deceased married woman'south sister, to consanguineous unions. By the 1870s, Lewis Henry Morgan (1818–1881) was writing about "the advantages of marriages betwixt unrelated persons" and the necessity of avoiding "the evils of consanguine marriage", avoidance of which would "increase the vigor of the stock". To many, Morgan included, cousin matrimony, and more specifically parallel-cousin marriage was a remnant of a more primitive stage of human social organization.[169] Morgan himself had married his cousin in 1853.[170]

In 1846, Massachusetts Governor George N. Briggs appointed a commission to study mentally handicapped people (termed "idiots") in the state. This study implicated cousin marriage every bit responsible for idiocy. Within the next 2 decades, numerous reports (e.g., one from the Kentucky Deaf and Impaired Asylum) appeared with similar conclusions: that cousin spousal relationship sometimes resulted in deafness, incomprehension, and idiocy. Perhaps most of import was the written report of physician Samuel Merrifield Bemiss for the American Medical Clan, which concluded cousin inbreeding does pb to the "physical and mental deprivation of the offspring". Despite being contradicted by other studies like those of George Darwin and Alan Huth in England and Robert Newman in New York, the report's conclusions were widely accepted.[171]

These developments led to thirteen states and territories passing cousin marriage prohibitions past the 1880s. Though contemporaneous, the eugenics move did not play much of a direct function in the bans. George Louis Arner in 1908 considered the ban a clumsy and ineffective method of eugenics, which he idea would eventually be replaced by more refined techniques. By the 1920s, the number of bans had doubled.[172] Since that time, Kentucky (1943) and Texas take banned first-cousin marriage and since 1985, Maine has mandated genetic counseling for marrying cousins to minimise take a chance to any serious health defect to their children. The National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws unanimously recommended in 1970 that all such laws should be repealed, but no state has dropped its prohibition.[173] [174] [175]

Proposed changes [edit]

A beak to repeal the ban on first-cousin marriage in Minnesota was introduced by Phyllis Kahn in 2003, simply it died in committee. Republican Minority Leader Marty Seifert criticized the bill in response, maxim it would "turn united states of america into a cold Arkansas".[176] Co-ordinate to the University of Minnesota's The Wake, Kahn was aware the bill had piffling hazard of passing but introduced it anyway to draw attention to the event. She reportedly got the idea after learning that cousin marriage is an acceptable form of union amid some cultural groups that have a strong presence in Minnesota, namely the Hmong and Somali.[177]

In contrast, Maryland delegates Henry B. Heller and Kumar P. Barve sponsored a bill to ban kickoff-cousin marriages in 2000.[178] Information technology got further than Kahn'southward bill, passing the House of Delegates by 82 to 46 despite most Republicans voting no, merely finally died in the state senate. In response to the 2005 wedlock of Pennsylvanian first cousins Eleanor Amrhein and Donald W. Andrews Sr. in Maryland, Heller said that he might resurrect the bill because such marriages are "similar playing genetic roulette".[179]

Texas did laissez passer a ban on first-cousin marriage the aforementioned twelvemonth as Amrhein and Andrews married, plain in reaction to the presence of the polygamous Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS). Texas Representative Harvey Hilderbran, whose district includes the master FLDS chemical compound, authored an subpoena[180] to a kid protection statute to both discourage the FLDS from settling in Texas and to "prevent Texas from succumbing to the practices of taking child brides, incest, welfare abuse, and domestic violence".[181] While Hilderbran stated that he would not take authored a pecker solely to ban beginning-cousin spousal relationship, he also said in an interview, "Cousins don't get married just like siblings don't become married. And when information technology happens you have a bad result. It'south just non the accustomed normal thing."[182]

Some news sources and then simply mentioned the polygamy and child abuse provisions and ignored the cousin wedlock portion of the bill, as did some more recent sources.[183] [184] [185] [186] The new statute made sex with an adult kickoff cousin a more serious felony than with developed members of one's immediate family. However, this statute was amended in 2009; while sexual practice with shut adult family unit members (including first cousins) remains a felony, the more serious penalisation now attaches to sexual activity with an individual's direct antecedent or descendant.[187]

The U.S. state of Maine allows first-cousin marriage if the couple agrees to have genetic counseling, while North Carolina allows it so long equally the applicants for marriage are not rare double first cousins, significant cousins through both parental lines.[188] In the other 25 states permitting at least some outset-cousin union, double cousins are non distinguished.[189]

States have diverse laws regarding marriage between cousins and other shut relatives,[190] which involve factors including whether or not the parties to the wedlock are half-cousins, double cousins, infertile, over 65, or whether it is a tradition prevalent in a native or ancestry culture, adoption status, in-law, whether or not genetic counselling is required, and whether it is permitted to marry a first cousin one time removed.

See too [edit]

  • Cousin matrimony court cases in the Us
  • Laws regarding incest in the U.s.

References [edit]

  1. ^ Ottenheimer 1996, p. xc
  2. ^ ""Facts About Cousin Marriage."". CousinCouples.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-04.
  3. ^ "The Surprising Truth Most Cousins and Spousal relationship". 14 February 2014.
  4. ^ Saletan, William (x April 2002). "The Honey That Cartel Non Speak Its Surname" – via Slate.
  5. ^ Wolfson, Evan (2004). Why marriage matters: America, equality, and gay people'southward correct to marry . Simon & Schuster. p. 256. ISBN978-0-7432-6458-7.
  6. ^ Code of Ala. § 13A-13-3. Alabama appears to have several laws voiding incestuous marriages, although § 30-ane-three does mention incestuous marriages existence annulled.
  7. ^ Alaska Stat. § 25.05.021 (2010)
  8. ^ Alaska Stat. § xi.41.450 (2010)
  9. ^ A.R.South. § 25-101 (2010)
  10. ^ A.R.South. § 25-112 (2010)
  11. ^ A.R.S. § 13-3608 (2010)
  12. ^ See Etheridge v. Shaddock Archived 2013-09-09 at the Wayback Machine (PDF), 288 Ark. 481, 706 S.West.2d 395 (1986).
  13. ^ In add-on to statute, see In re Mortenson's Estate, 83 Ariz. 87, 316 P.2d 1106 (1957)
  14. ^ Sheri Stritof. "What Are the Cousin Marriage Laws in Your State?". theSpruce.com. Archived from the original on 2021-03-02.
  15. ^ A.C.A. § 9-xi-106 (2010)
  16. ^ A.C.A. § nine-11-107 (2010)
  17. ^ A.C.A. § v-26-202 (2010)
  18. ^ See Incest Statutes 2013 Archived 2015-01-19 at the Wayback Machine (PDF).
  19. ^ Cal Fam Code § 2200 (2010)
  20. ^ Cal Pen Code § 285 (2010)
  21. ^ Manor of Levie (1975, Cal App 1st Dist) was a California example on a purported first-cousin wedlock contracted in Nevada. It found the marriage void per the usual rule.
  22. ^ C.R.S. 14-2-110 (2010)
  23. ^ C.R.S. eighteen-half-dozen-301 (2010)
  24. ^ Conn. Gen. Stat. § 46b-21 (2010)
  25. ^ Conn. Gen. Stat. § 53a-191 (2010)
  26. ^ xiii Del. C. § 101 (2010)
  27. ^ 13 Del. C. § 102 (2010)
  28. ^ thirteen Del. C. § 104 (2010)
  29. ^ 11 Del. C. § 766 (2010)
  30. ^ D.C. Code § 46-401.01 (2010)
  31. ^ Fla. Stat. § 741.21 (2010)
  32. ^ Fla. Stat. § 826.04 (2010)
  33. ^ O.C.G.A. § xix-three-iii (2010)
  34. ^ O.C.G.A. § sixteen-6-22 (2010)
  35. ^ HRS § 572-one (2010)
  36. ^ HRS § 707-741 (2010)
  37. ^ Idaho Lawmaking § 32-205 (2010)
  38. ^ Idaho Code § 32-206 (2010)
  39. ^ Idaho Lawmaking § 32-209 (2010)
  40. ^ Idaho Code § 32-501 (2010)
  41. ^ Idaho Lawmaking § 18-6602 (2010)
  42. ^ § 750 ILCS 5/212 (2010)
  43. ^ § 750 ILCS five/213 (2010)
  44. ^ § 750 ILCS five/216 (2010)
  45. ^ 750 ILCS 5/301 (2010)
  46. ^ 720 ILCS 5/11-eleven (2010)
  47. ^ In re Estate of Mary Kathrein was an Illinois Supreme Courtroom instance ruling that first cousins once removed are not to be confused with first cousins.
  48. ^ In improver to statute, run across Meisenhelder 5. Chicago & N.W. Ry. Co., 170 Minn. 317, 213 North.Due west. 32 (1927)
  49. ^ See In re Flores, 96 Ill. App. 3d 279, 51 Ill. Dec. 885, 421 N.E.2d 393 (1 Dist. 1981)
  50. ^ Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 31-xi-ane-2 (2010)
  51. ^ Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 31-11-8-three (2010)
  52. ^ Burns Ind. Code Ann. § 31-11-eight-6 (2010). Note that the laws listed do not pertain to cousin marriage.
  53. ^ Burns Ind. Lawmaking Ann. § 35-46-1-3 (2010)
  54. ^ Run across Stonemason v. Mason, 775 Northward.E.second 706, 2002 Ind. App. LEXIS 1605 (2002).
  55. ^ Chapter 595.19 Void Marriages
  56. ^ G.South.A. § 23-102 (2009)
  57. ^ K.S.A. § 23-115 (2009)
  58. ^ K.South.A. § 21-3602 (2009)
  59. ^ Moore, A Defense of First-Cousin Marriage, x Cleveland Marshall 50. Rev. 136 (1961)
  60. ^ See In re Manor of Loughmiller, 229 Kan. 584, where a foreign starting time cousin wedlock was recognised in Kansas.
  61. ^ Kentucky Revised Statutes § 402.010 (2010)
  62. ^ KRS § 402.040 (2010)
  63. ^ KRS § 402.990 (2010)
  64. ^ KRS § 530.020 (2010)
  65. ^ Class B misdemeanour if matrimony entered into; Class A misdemeanour if the couple cohabits after being convicted of entering into a prohibited wedlock.
  66. ^ A marriage between first cousins volition not be recognised in Kentucky even if it is consummated in another state. OAG 71-78.
  67. ^ La. C.C. Art. xc (2010)
  68. ^ La. C.C. Fine art. 94 (2010)
  69. ^ La. R.S. 14:78 (2010)
  70. ^ Come across Ghassemi v. Ghassemi
  71. ^ "You searched for united_states/Maine/Index » U.S. Wedlock License Laws".
  72. ^ "Human Services Legislation and Legislative News from NCSL". www.ncsl.org.
  73. ^ Physician. Family Law Code Ann. § 2-202 (2010)
  74. ^ Md. CRIMINAL Law Code Ann. § three-323 (2010)
  75. ^ ALM GL ch. 207, § one (2010)
  76. ^ ALM GL ch. 207, § 2 (2010)
  77. ^ ALM GL ch. 272, § 17 (2010)
  78. ^ "Michigan Wedlock License Laws > MI Wedding Officiants". Retrieved x Feb 2013.
  79. ^ Come across In re Miller's Estate, 239 Mich. 455, 214 N.W. 428 (1927)
  80. ^ In addition to statute and preceding reference, come across Toth v Toth (1973) fifty Mich App 150, 212 NW2d 812.
  81. ^ Minn. Stat. § 517.03 (2009)
  82. ^ Minn. Stat. § 518.01 (2009)
  83. ^ Minn. Stat. § 609.365 (2009)
  84. ^ Miss. Lawmaking Ann. § 93-one-1 (2010)
  85. ^ Miss. Code Ann. § 93-i-three (2010)
  86. ^ Miss. Code Ann. § 93-5-29 (2010)
  87. ^ § 451.020 R.Southward.Mo. (2010)
  88. ^ § 568.020 R.Due south.Mo. (2010)
  89. ^ Mont. Code Anno., § twoscore-1-104 (2010)
  90. ^ Mont. Code Anno., § 40-ane-401 (2010)
  91. ^ Mont. Code Anno., § 45-5-507 (2010)
  92. ^ R.R.S. Neb. § 42-103 (2010)
  93. ^ R.R.Southward. Neb. § 42-117 (2010)
  94. ^ R.R.S. Neb. § 28-702 (2010)
  95. ^ R.R.S. Neb. § 28-703 (2010)
  96. ^ Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 125.290 (2010)
  97. ^ Nev. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 201.180 (2010)
  98. ^ RSA 457:2 (2010)
  99. ^ RSA 457:3 (2010)
  100. ^ RSA 639:2 (2010)
  101. ^ Prohibition of marriages betwixt first cousins is applicable where the persons to exist married are related just by adoption. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. 46. (New Hampshire)
  102. ^ N.J. Stat. § 37:1-1 (2010)
  103. ^ N.J. Stat. § 2C:xiv-2 (2010)
  104. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 40-one-7 (2010)
  105. ^ N.M. Stat. Ann. § 30-10-three (2010)
  106. ^ NY CLS Dom Rel § five (2010)
  107. ^ NY CLS Penal § 255.25 (2010)
  108. ^ North.C. Gen. Stat. § 51-3 (2010)
  109. ^ N.C. Gen. Stat. § fourteen-178 (2010)
  110. ^ North.D. Cent. Code, § 14-03-03 (2010)
  111. ^ N.D. Cent. Code, § 14-03-08 (2010)
  112. ^ N.D. Cent. Lawmaking, § 12.ane-20-xi (2010)
  113. ^ ORC Ann. 3101.01 (2010)
  114. ^ ORC Ann. 3105.31 (2010)
  115. ^ ORC Ann. 2907.03 (2010)
  116. ^ 43 Okl. St. § 2 (2010)
  117. ^ 21 Okl. St. § 885 (2010)
  118. ^ ORS § 106.020 (2009)
  119. ^ ORS § 163.525 (2009)
  120. ^ "Marriage in Oregon". Oregon State Bar . Retrieved 2021-10-31 .
  121. ^ See Leefield v. Leefield, (1917) 85 Or 287, 166 P 953.
  122. ^ 23 Pa.C.S. § 1304 (2010)
  123. ^ 23 Pa.C.S. § 3304 (2010)
  124. ^ 18 Pa.C.South. § 4302 (2010)
  125. ^ R.I. Gen. Laws § 15-one-1 (2010)
  126. ^ R.I. Gen. Laws § xv-i-2 (2010)
  127. ^ S.C. Code Ann. § 20-1-ten (2009)
  128. ^ South.C. Code Ann. § sixteen-fifteen-twenty (2009)
  129. ^ South.D. Codified Laws § 25-i-6 (2010)
  130. ^ S.D. Codified Laws § 22-22A-2 (2010)
  131. ^ S.D. Codified Laws § 25-1-38 (2010)
  132. ^ See Garcia 5. Garcia, 25 S.D. 645, 127 Due north.Due west. 586 (1910)
  133. ^ Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-3-101 (2010)
  134. ^ Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-xv-302 (2010)
  135. ^ Tex. Fam. Code § 2.004 (2010)
  136. ^ Texas Family Code, Championship 1, Chapter 6, Subtitle B
  137. ^ Tex. Fam. Code § vi.201 (2010)
  138. ^ Tex. Penal Code § 25.02 (2010)
  139. ^ Utah Code Ann. § thirty-1-ane (2010)
  140. ^ Utah Code Ann. § 30-one-four (2010)
  141. ^ Utah Code Ann. § 76-vii-102 (2010)
  142. ^ 15 Five.S.A. § 1a (2010)
  143. ^ 13 Five.South.A. § 205 (2010)
  144. ^ Va. Code Ann. § 20-38.1 (2010)
  145. ^ Va. Code Ann. § eighteen.2-366 (2010)
  146. ^ Rev. Code Launder. (ARCW) § 26.04.020 (2010)
  147. ^ Rev. Code Wash. (ARCW) § 26.09.040 (2010)
  148. ^ Rev. Code Wash. (ARCW) § 9A.64.020 (2010)
  149. ^ While no longer a crime in Washington, prosecutions for sexual relations between cousins had taken place nether a former statute. See State v. Nakashima, 62 Wash. 686, 114 P. 894 (1911).
  150. ^ Evasive marriages were held to be void in Washington even though in that location was no statute specifically making them such. See Johnson 5. Johnson, 57 Wash. 89, 106 Pac. 500 (1910).
  151. ^ W. Va. Lawmaking § 48-2-302 (2010)
  152. ^ W. Va. Code § 48-2-303 (2010)
  153. ^ W. Va. Lawmaking § 48-two-503 (2010)
  154. ^ W. Va. Lawmaking § 48-3-103 (2010)
  155. ^ Due west. Va. Lawmaking § 48-2-602 (2010)
  156. ^ W. Va. Lawmaking § 61-8-12 (2010)
  157. ^ Wis. Stat. § 765.03 (2010)
  158. ^ Wis. Stat. § 765.04 (2010)
  159. ^ Wis. Stat. § 765.21 (2010)
  160. ^ Annotation that marriage away to circumvent the laws carries criminal penalties in Wisconsin; come across Wis. Stat. § 765.thirty (2010)
  161. ^ Wis. Stat. § 944.06 (2010)
  162. ^ Wyo. Stat. § 20-1-111 (2010)
  163. ^ Wyo. Stat. § 20-2-101 (2010)
  164. ^ Wyo. Stat. § 6-4-402 (2010)
  165. ^ "Global prevalence tables". www.consang.net.
  166. ^ Paul and Spencer.
  167. ^ Paul, Diane B; Spencer, Hamish G (2008-12-23). Keller, Evelyn Fox (ed.). ""It's Ok, Nosotros're Non Cousins by Blood": The Cousin Marriage Controversy in Historical Perspective". PLoS Biology. Public Library of Science (PLoS). half-dozen (12): e320. doi:x.1371/periodical.pbio.0060320. ISSN 1545-7885.
  168. ^ "Index of /~omar". www-personal.ksu.edu.
  169. ^ Ottenheimer. p. 111.
  170. ^ Ottenheimer, Martin (1996). "Chapter 2". Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Matrimony . University of Illinois.
  171. ^ Ottenheimer, Martin (1996). "Chapter 3". Forbidden Relatives: The American Myth of Cousin Marriage . University of Illinois.
  172. ^ Brandon Keim (23 December 2008). "Cousin Marriage OK by Science". Wired.
  173. ^ Paul, Diane B.; Spencer, Hamish 1000. (23 December 2008). ""It's Ok, We're Not Cousins by Blood": The Cousin Union Controversy in Historical Perspective". PLOS Biology. half-dozen (12): 2627–30. doi:10.1371/periodical.pbio.0060320. PMC2605922. PMID 19108607.
  174. ^ "Go Ahead, Kiss Your Cousin". Discover Magazine.
  175. ^ Bittles and Blackness 2009, Section two
  176. ^ "TPT St. Paul. "Quotes for Inspiration." June 25, 2009". Archived from the original on September 6, 2009.
  177. ^ "The Wake. Vol. 3, Outcome viii" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17. Retrieved 2019-05-21 .
  178. ^ "BILL INFO-2000 Regular Session-HB 459". mlis.state.md.us.
  179. ^ "Steve Chapman. "Keeping Matrimony in the Family."".
  180. ^ C.S.H.B. 3006. Texas Legislature 79(R).
  181. ^ Plocek, Keith (27 April 2006). "Large Love, Texas-Way".
  182. ^ Kershaw, Sarah (26 Nov 2009). "Shaking Off the Shame". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Feb 25, 2020.
  183. ^ "Bill takes aim at polygamists". world wide web.dentonrc.com. [ permanent expressionless link ]
  184. ^ Writer, NATALIE GOTT Associated Press. "Lawmaker files bill raising age of union consent".
  185. ^ "Trish Choate. "FLDS TRIAL: All optics withal on Jessop, for now". St. Angelo Standard-Times.
  186. ^ "85th Texas Legislature: News, problems, commentary & more than".
  187. ^ "PENAL Lawmaking Affiliate 25. OFFENSES Confronting THE FAMILY". world wide web.statutes.legis.land.tx.u.s.a..
  188. ^ Northward.C. Gen. Stat. § 51–3 (Due west 2009).
  189. ^ "State Laws Regarding Marriages Between First Cousins". National Briefing of Land Legislatures. Retrieved 10 September 2013.
  190. ^ "US State Laws". CousinCouples.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-08.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousin_marriage_law_in_the_United_States

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